縱使相逢應不識,塵滿面,鬢如霜。
《江城子》
乙卯正月二十日夜記夢
蘇軾
十年生死兩茫茫,不思量,自難忘。千里孤墳,無處話淒涼。縱使相逢應不識,塵滿面,鬢如霜。 夜來幽夢忽還鄉,小軒窗,正梳妝。相顧無言,惟有淚千行。料得年年腸斷處,明月夜,短松岡。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【紀事】
蘇軾十九歲時,與年方十六歲的王弗結婚。王弗年輕貌美,溫柔賢惠,二人恩愛情深。可惜王弗二十七歲時就逝世了,蘇軾悲痛的心情,實在難以言說。十年後,身在密州的蘇軾夢見王氏,便寫下這首悼亡詞,抒發他對王氏逝世之痛,與及對王氏的懷念之情。
【賞析】
此詞題為記夢,但只有下闕五句寫夢境,其他都是直接抒寫蘇軾的沉痛之情。蘇軾先直寫妻子死後十年,彼此茫茫難知,哀思難訴的感受。而設想自己飽歷風霜,外貌改變,因而與亡妻縱使相見亦可能認不出自己,為作品平添滄桑之感。下闕寫夢中重遇亡妻,大概千言萬語,不知從何說起,又大概相思太深,令二人「相顧無言,惟有淚千行」。可惜從夢境中回到人間,亡妻也實在不可復見,詞人也只可於妻子墳前,年年愁腸斷了。
全詞直接寫夢與悲,沒有特別雕飾,卻將蘇軾的悲涼心情細緻而真切地抒寫出來。
夢中相會的疑幻疑真、久別重逢的「唯有淚千行」,其中蒼涼,你能體會到嗎?
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